Laryngeal Paralysis in Dogs
Progressive dysfunction of the muscles controlling the larynx, most common in older, large-breed dogs, causing noisy breathing and reduced exercise tolerance.
Overview
Laryngeal paralysis prevents the vocal folds from opening normally during breathing. It is most common in older large-breed dogs and can occur as part of a broader age-related polyneuropathy (geriatric-onset laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy, or GOLPP).
Clinical signs
- Noisy breathing, especially on inhalation
- Exercise intolerance
- A hoarse-sounding bark
- Coughing or gagging, especially with eating or drinking
- In severe cases, respiratory distress or collapse, particularly with heat, exercise, or stress
Diagnosis
- Laryngeal exam under light sedation to directly observe vocal fold movement during breathing
- Broader neurologic workup if a generalized polyneuropathy is suspected
Treatment
- Surgical correction (unilateral arytenoid lateralization, or "tie-back" surgery) for dogs with significant clinical signs
- Conservative management - weight control and avoiding heat/exercise triggers - for milder cases
- Emergency management (oxygen, sedation, cooling) for a laryngeal paralysis crisis
Prognosis
Good improvement in breathing and quality of life with surgery in appropriately selected dogs, though aspiration pneumonia is a recognized risk afterward. If a broader polyneuropathy is present, other signs may progress over time regardless of laryngeal surgery.
This page is general reference information for educational purposes. It is not a substitute for an individual clinical assessment, current formulary guidance, or the judgment of a licensed veterinarian treating a specific patient.
Frequently asked questions
Is laryngeal paralysis surgery risky?
Like any surgery it carries risk, and the main long-term concern is an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia afterward. For dogs with significant symptoms, most do well and breathe much more comfortably post-surgery.
What triggers a laryngeal paralysis breathing crisis?
Heat, excitement, and strenuous exercise are the most common triggers, since they increase breathing effort in a dog whose airway can't open fully - this is why heat and exercise avoidance are key parts of management.