Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats
A progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function that is one of the most common conditions diagnosed in older cats.
Overview
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats is typically diagnosed via bloodwork and urinalysis and staged using the IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) system, based on creatinine, SDMA, and other findings. Early detection and staging meaningfully affect management and prognosis.
Clinical signs
- Polyuria and polydipsia
- Weight loss and decreased appetite
- Vomiting and lethargy
- Poor coat quality
- Halitosis (uremic breath) in more advanced disease
Diagnosis
- Bloodwork showing elevated BUN and creatinine; SDMA can flag reduced kidney function earlier than creatinine in some cats
- Urinalysis showing poorly concentrated urine (isosthenuria) relative to bloodwork findings
- Blood pressure measurement, since hypertension is common with CKD
- IRIS staging to guide treatment intensity and monitoring frequency
Treatment
- A renal support diet, typically reduced in phosphorus and adjusted in protein quality
- Phosphate binders when dietary control alone isn't enough
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs for cats with significant proteinuria
- Subcutaneous fluids for cats with more advanced disease or intermittent dehydration
- Managing hypertension and anemia when present
Prognosis
Highly variable depending on the IRIS stage at diagnosis. Many cats live comfortably for a good length of time with appropriate management, particularly when CKD is caught in earlier stages.
This page is general reference information for educational purposes. It is not a substitute for an individual clinical assessment, current formulary guidance, or the judgment of a licensed veterinarian treating a specific patient.
Frequently asked questions
Can chronic kidney disease in cats be cured?
No, CKD is a progressive and irreversible condition, but it can often be managed effectively for an extended period with diet, medication, and monitoring, especially when caught early.
What is IRIS staging?
IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) staging classifies CKD severity from Stage 1 (mild, often no clinical signs) to Stage 4 (advanced), based primarily on blood creatinine and SDMA levels, along with proteinuria and blood pressure. Staging helps guide how aggressively the disease is managed.